System Information
A Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) / Fire Alarm Control Unit
(FACU), is an electric panel that is
the controlling component of a fire alarm system
which is installed at various places as a protective measure against fire;
sounds an alarm when actuated by a fire
detection system. Fire Alarm System is essential to warn all occupants
that a fire or emergency situation exists. Sometimes fire detection and alarm
systems are used to compensate or to give special cover for items of high
value. In case of fire early detection of smoke and heat helps in fighting the
fire effectively & extinguishing it in nascent stage. Thus by early
detection, we can prevent the fire from spreading in turn saving life and loss
of property and business.
Whatever the reason, an automatic fire
detection and alarm system generally provides a network of manual call points,
fire sensors and alarm warning devices over the area covered. It is, in effect,
the eyes and mouth of the building to constantly monitor the building and warn
if a fire breaks out, or is suspected in the way we do, if we see flames or smell
burning.
Types of Fire
Alarm system:
·
Conventional Systems are used for small installation as it becomes cost effective and also
serves the purpose of safety and location identification is easy.
·
Addressable Systems
are used for high ends like hotels, hospitals, high
rise buildings, BPO’s etc. The system gives you pin point location of detection
and complex operations are also possible such as HVAC trip off, lift
management, access control door release etc
o Fire Alarm Panel.
o
Detectors (Smoke
/ Heat / Multi / Beam / Flame / UV IR / Gas / Etc)
o
Manual Call
Points.
o
Panic Switches.
o
Hooters.
o
Cable and
Instrumentation.
o
Linear Heat
Sensing Cables.
The panel receives information from
environmental sensors designed to detect changes associated with fire, monitors
their operational integrity and provides for automatic control of equipment,
and transmission of information necessary to prepare the facility for fire
based on a predetermined sequence. A fire alarm control panel is required under
the building code for a majority of new commercial building construction in
most countries.
Operational Information
Fire Alarm System
(Conventional):
Conventional Systems are used for small installation
as it becomes cost effective and also serves the purpose of safety and location
identification is easy. It is a well-proven technology
protecting many hundreds of thousands of properties worldwide.
In a typical Conventional
Fire Alarm System the 'intelligence' of the system resides solely within the
Fire Alarm Control Panel, which receives a trigger signal from a Conventional
Detector or Call Point and in turn, signals the condition to other devices such
as alarm sounders and remote signalling equipment. The control panel operates
from house power but also usually contains an emergency battery which can
operate the system for about 24 hours during a power outage.
Basic System Functional Operation:
When a fire alarm condition i.e. Smoke is detected and reported by
the system Initiating devices, the following functions shall immediately occur:
o
The System Alarm
LED shall flash.
o
An electric
signal in the control panel shall sound.
o
The LCD display
shall indicate all information associated with the fire alarm condition,
including the type of alarm point and its location within the protected
premises.
o
The audio portion
of the system shall sound the proper audio signal consisting of alarming tone.
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